It measures vacuum inside intake manifold and change output voltage in relation to vacuum.
Here is voltage reading of 1.78 volts at 15 in/Hg of vacuum.
On this graph i recorded different voltage readings according to different vacuum. It shows that the MAP sensor load line is straight and for every vacuum reading its a specified voltage. Inside MAP sensor is a silicon diaphragm that increase resistance when vacuum applied so sensor output voltage decreases. So at idle engine sucking more and vacuum is high, but when it revs up vacuum is getting lower, according to this readings ECU adds required amount of fuel need.
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